Numeric functions return finite Numeric values. Inputs outside a function’s mathematical domain produce a formula error instead of NaN or infinity.
Acos
Returns the arccosine of a number in radians.
- Syntax:
Acos(number)
- Requires: a Numeric value from
-1 through 1.
- Returns: Numeric angle in radians.
- Best for: geometry and calculations that start with a cosine ratio.
Asin
Returns the arcsine of a number in radians.
- Syntax:
Asin(number)
- Requires: a Numeric value from
-1 through 1.
- Returns: Numeric angle in radians.
- Best for: geometry and calculations that start with a sine ratio.
Atan
Returns the arctangent of a number in radians.
- Syntax:
Atan(number)
- Requires: a Numeric value.
- Returns: Numeric angle in radians.
- Best for: slopes, bearings, and right-triangle calculations.
Cos
Returns the cosine of an angle.
- Syntax:
Cos(radians)
- Requires: a Numeric angle in radians.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: geometry, oscillation, and vector calculations.
Cot
Returns the cotangent of an angle.
- Syntax:
Cot(radians)
- Requires: a Numeric angle in radians where the tangent is not zero.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: geometry formulas that use adjacent divided by opposite.
Degrees
Converts an angle from radians to degrees.
- Syntax:
Degrees(radians)
- Requires: a Numeric angle in radians.
- Returns: Numeric angle in degrees.
- Best for: displaying a calculated angle in familiar units.
Exp
Raises Euler’s number e to a supplied power.
- Syntax:
Exp(number)
- Requires: a Numeric exponent whose result remains finite.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: growth, decay, and continuous compounding.
Frac
Returns the fractional part left after truncating a number toward zero.
- Syntax:
Frac(number)
- Requires: a Numeric value.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: separating whole and fractional quantities.
For negative inputs, the fractional result is also negative.
Int
Returns the integer part of a number by truncating toward zero.
- Syntax:
Int(number)
- Requires: a Numeric value.
- Returns: whole Numeric value.
- Best for: extracting completed units without rounding.
Returns the natural logarithm, using base e.
- Syntax:
Ln(number)
- Requires: a positive Numeric value.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: exponential models and continuous growth calculations.
Log
Returns the base-10 logarithm.
- Syntax:
Log(number)
- Requires: a positive Numeric value.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: orders of magnitude and logarithmic scales.
Returns the mathematical constant π.
- Syntax:
Pi()
- Requires: no arguments.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: circle, angle, and periodic calculations.
Calculates the present value of zero or more equal future payments.
- Syntax:
PV(rate, periodsUntilFirstPayment, payment[, paymentCount])
- Requires: Numeric periodic rate, Numeric delay, Numeric payment amount, and optional non-negative whole-number payment count. The rate must be greater than
-1. Payment count defaults to 1.
- Returns: Numeric present value.
- Best for: discounted recurring payments and finance projections.
Use the rate per payment period—for example, a monthly rate when each period is one month. When paymentCount is 0, the result is 0.
Radians
Converts an angle from degrees to radians.
- Syntax:
Radians(degrees)
- Requires: a Numeric angle in degrees.
- Returns: Numeric angle in radians.
- Best for: preparing degree-based data for trigonometric functions.
Random
Creates a pseudo-random number for the current evaluation.
- Syntax:
Random() or Random(minimum, maximum)
- Requires: no arguments, or two Numeric bounds where
maximum is greater than minimum.
- Returns: Numeric from
0 up to but not including 1, or from the supplied minimum up to but not including the maximum.
- Best for: sampling, shuffling keys, and non-security-sensitive variation.
Do not use Random for passwords, access tokens, signatures, or other security decisions.
Sin
Returns the sine of an angle.
- Syntax:
Sin(radians)
- Requires: a Numeric angle in radians.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: geometry, oscillation, and vector calculations.
Sqrt
Returns the square root of a number.
- Syntax:
Sqrt(number)
- Requires: a non-negative Numeric value.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: distances, standard deviation steps, and geometric calculations.
Tan
Returns the tangent of an angle.
- Syntax:
Tan(radians)
- Requires: a Numeric angle in radians whose result remains finite.
- Returns: Numeric.
- Best for: slopes and right-triangle calculations.
Use Radians before Sin, Cos, Tan, or Cot when your source angle is stored in degrees.
